confounding

Example Sentences

Examples are provided to illustrate real-world usage of words in context. Any opinions expressed do not reflect the views of Dictionary.com.

“We cannot look at this single liver case in a silo,” Raffat wrote, adding that “such cases do tend to occur on other GLPs as well because of various confounding factors.”

From Barron's • May 4, 2026

Add it all together, and you’re left with perhaps the most fascinating and confounding player in the sport—the perfect distillation of everything that is beautiful and terribly wrong with the modern game.

From The Wall Street Journal • Apr. 30, 2026

The study is cross-sectional, which means it cannot determine cause and effect and may be influenced by confounding factors or reverse causation.

From Science Daily • Apr. 13, 2026

Hughes’ script supplies Andie with a fount of vivacious wit and self-assurance, which is what makes watching her dull her shine as the film progresses so confounding.

From Salon • Feb. 28, 2026

Smoking is without doubt a significant contributory cause of cancer, lung and heart disease, but there are confounding factors having to do with life-style and environment which partially obscured this fact for some years.

From "Innumeracy: Mathematical Illiteracy and Its Consequences" by John Allen Paulos