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Definitions

sham

[sham] / ʃæm /






Frequently Asked Questions

What is another word for sham?
The word sham commonly refers to something that’s not what it claims to be—some kind of fraud or fake. This sense of the word can even refer to a person, as in He’s a total fake, a sham—you should see what he’s really like.  Sham is often used even more specifically to refer to something that’s considered a scam, con, or hoax, as in This whole thing is a sham—they’re just trying to get your money.  Sometimes, sham refers to a situation that’s considered illegitimate for some reason, as in The trial was a sham—there wasn’t even a jury. Synonyms for this sense are farce and mockery. Sham can also be used as an adjective for any of these senses, as in sham trial (an illegitimate one), sham marriage (one in which the couple aren’t in a real relationship), or sham version (a fake or knockoff version).
How do you use sham in a sentence?
We use sham in a number of different ways, but they all involve some kind of falseness or fakeness. It’s usually always used negatively. Here are some examples of sham in a sentence:
  • The “charity” event was a sham—it was just an excuse for a tax write-off.
  • I knew something about him seemed fake, but I didn’t expect him to turn out to be a complete sham. 
  • The dictator is known for holding sham elections to give the appearance of legitimacy.

Example Sentences

Examples are provided to illustrate real-world usage of words in context. Any opinions expressed do not reflect the views of Dictionary.com.

See Examples For:

"However, if that evidence was already before the Commission, which nevertheless concluded that the arrangements were a sham, City will face an uphill struggle to demonstrate the finding was materially wrong."

From BBC ● Oct. 16, 2026

The commission found City had broken rules over a nine-year period to 2018 by creating "sham" contracts with commercial partners to secretly funnel more than £830m into football operations.

From BBC ● Oct. 15, 2026

Fielder is the creator of the TV series “The Rehearsal” and “Nathan for You” who constructs discombobulating sham realities that include bogus businesses such as Dumb Starbucks.

From Los Angeles Times ● Oct. 14, 2026

The other received a sham treatment, meaning they went through the same training process but were instructed to maintain their natural foot angle.

From Science Daily ● Oct. 11, 2026

“Were you about to have a sham marriage?”

From "Americanah" by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie

She has denied any allegations of wrongdoing and has called the investigations into her "complete shams".

From BBC ● Oct. 15, 2026

In Minnesota, some Medicaid autism treatment centers, transportation providers and housing purveyors were shams.

From The Wall Street Journal ● Apr. 29, 2026

Falsified images and propaganda have been misleading people to worse ends for many years, but these recent shams are evidence of a culture-wide abandonment of a common reality.

From Salon ● Jan. 21, 2026

Perrigo soon replaced the BDO auditors with ones from EY, who blessed the transactions, which federal regulators now claim are shams.

From New York Times ● Jul. 7, 2022

“I don’t believe one whit in such shams, nor should you, Nell Warne.”

From "The Detective's Assistant" by Kate Hannigan

I don’t feel like I got shammed or look like a fool.

From Slate ● Jul. 19, 2018

Hadji said he was ill of fever, and seemed like an idiot; but the orderly said that the illness was shammed and the stupidity assumed in order not to work.

From Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, Volume I (of 2) Including a Summer in the Upper Karun Region and a Visit to the Nestorian Rayahs by Isabella L. (Isabella Lucy) Bird

So when they got into the bridal bed at even, the lad shammed as though he had given himself up to sleep.

From Tales from the Fjeld A Second Series of Popular Tales by P. Chr. Asbj?rnsen

All the afternoon I sat in our little sitting-room, and faithful to my promise, shammed sickness, while Samuel lay in his box in the back yard and howled.

From The Romance of a Plain Man by Ellen Anderson Gholson Glasgow

He shammed savage to get the irons on his legs, knowing how he might come by a file—which I don't, and it hasn't come out, that I see.

From When Ghost Meets Ghost by William Frend De Morgan

In a sense, then, because the shamming always happened openly, the revelation that it was shamatory feels underwhelming.

From Slate ● Jul. 22, 2021

I also saw him, of course, at exercise continually, and I saw that he was becoming insane, and was being treated as if he was shamming.

From Slate ● Jun. 16, 2018

We hope that, like the seemingly mad Edgar in King Lear, Daryl is just shamming – and that he will, like the Shakespearean dissembler, cast off his mask and take out the evil trash.

From The Guardian ● Nov. 14, 2016

If your point is that Peter is only shamming about his politics, how do you explain this willingness to be imprisoned for them?

From The Guardian ● Oct. 5, 2010

He was not even sure if Cluny was shamming, pretending that his injuries were severe merely as some kind of test or trap that he had set for his captains.

From "Redwall" by Brian Jacques


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