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sham

[sham] / ʃæm /






Frequently Asked Questions

What is another word for sham?
The word sham commonly refers to something that’s not what it claims to be—some kind of fraud or fake. This sense of the word can even refer to a person, as in He’s a total fake, a sham—you should see what he’s really like.  Sham is often used even more specifically to refer to something that’s considered a scam, con, or hoax, as in This whole thing is a sham—they’re just trying to get your money.  Sometimes, sham refers to a situation that’s considered illegitimate for some reason, as in The trial was a sham—there wasn’t even a jury. Synonyms for this sense are farce and mockery. Sham can also be used as an adjective for any of these senses, as in sham trial (an illegitimate one), sham marriage (one in which the couple aren’t in a real relationship), or sham version (a fake or knockoff version).
How do you use sham in a sentence?
We use sham in a number of different ways, but they all involve some kind of falseness or fakeness. It’s usually always used negatively. Here are some examples of sham in a sentence:
  • The “charity” event was a sham—it was just an excuse for a tax write-off.
  • I knew something about him seemed fake, but I didn’t expect him to turn out to be a complete sham. 
  • The dictator is known for holding sham elections to give the appearance of legitimacy.

Example Sentences

Examples are provided to illustrate real-world usage of words in context. Any opinions expressed do not reflect the views of Dictionary.com.

See Examples For:

"They recruited US citizens to engage in sham marriages, arranged sham wedding ceremonies complete with officiants, wedding attire, photographers, and attendees," McDonald said.

From Barron's Aug. 12, 2026

Madoff’s brother, Peter, pleaded guilty to receiving $15.7 million in sham loans and giving $9.9 million in sham loans to family members.

From Los Angeles Times Aug. 5, 2026

But Dr. Prasad demanded a randomized controlled trial with a placebo group undergoing sham brain surgery.

From The Wall Street Journal Jun. 19, 2026

Lewis suggested the sale of Sawyer's company, The Clinic Club, had been a sham, adding the lack of an original copy of the sale agreement or messages with the buyer, Lilly Silverman, also suggested this.

From BBC May 20, 2026

This station with its hanging baskets of flowers is another sham, like Theresienstadt with its concerts, plays and lectures.

From "What the Night Sings" by Vesper Stamper

In Minnesota, some Medicaid autism treatment centers, transportation providers and housing purveyors were shams.

From The Wall Street Journal Apr. 29, 2026

Falsified images and propaganda have been misleading people to worse ends for many years, but these recent shams are evidence of a culture-wide abandonment of a common reality.

From Salon Jan. 21, 2026

Typically, I reuse the inserts and rotate and store the shams.

From Seattle Times Aug. 3, 2023

Even so, auditors at EY, also known as Ernst & Young, eventually blessed the transactions, which federal authorities now claim were shams, according to previously unreported documents made public in a court case last year.

From New York Times Jul. 7, 2022

“I don’t believe one whit in such shams, nor should you, Nell Warne.”

From "The Detective's Assistant" by Kate Hannigan

I don’t feel like I got shammed or look like a fool.

From Slate Jul. 19, 2018

To get shut of him, she shammed dead.

From A Man in the Open by Roger Pocock

It is useless to assert that all these men were hypocrites, that they shammed religion, that they used it as a bait to catch the unwary.

From The Hearts of Men by H. (Harold) Fielding

He shammed drunk next day, so that you should not suspect him.

From The Rider of Waroona by G. Firth Scott

I think now that she shammed sleep, in order to distract my attention from her.

From A Modern Wizard by Rodrigues Ottolengui

We have become so inured to all the shamming in plain sight that having it confirmed years later barely even feel like news.

From Slate Jul. 22, 2021

I also saw him, of course, at exercise continually, and I saw that he was becoming insane, and was being treated as if he was shamming.

From Slate Jun. 16, 2018

We hope that, like the seemingly mad Edgar in King Lear, Daryl is just shamming – and that he will, like the Shakespearean dissembler, cast off his mask and take out the evil trash.

From The Guardian Nov. 14, 2016

If your point is that Peter is only shamming about his politics, how do you explain this willingness to be imprisoned for them?

From The Guardian Oct. 5, 2010

He was not even sure if Cluny was shamming, pretending that his injuries were severe merely as some kind of test or trap that he had set for his captains.

From "Redwall" by Brian Jacques




Vocabulary lists containing sham


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