enslaved

“This was one way of shifting enslaved labor from agriculture to industry, a necessity for the confederacy during the Civil War,” says Lichtenstein.

Troves of enslaved people from many African countries, including Ghana, were brought to the United States through this pier —confused, sick, and probably gripped with terror.

This brings me to Mary McLeod Bethune, a Colored woman born shortly after the end of slavery whose parents had been not only enslaved but also denied a formal education.

Up to this point, the vast majority of enslaved people taken to the Americas had been captured in West Africa.

In her introduction, she swoops over the poppy fields to free the enslaved oxen forced to build the Yellow Brick Road.