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sham

[sham] / ʃæm /






Frequently Asked Questions

What is another word for sham?
The word sham commonly refers to something that’s not what it claims to be—some kind of fraud or fake. This sense of the word can even refer to a person, as in He’s a total fake, a sham—you should see what he’s really like.  Sham is often used even more specifically to refer to something that’s considered a scam, con, or hoax, as in This whole thing is a sham—they’re just trying to get your money.  Sometimes, sham refers to a situation that’s considered illegitimate for some reason, as in The trial was a sham—there wasn’t even a jury. Synonyms for this sense are farce and mockery. Sham can also be used as an adjective for any of these senses, as in sham trial (an illegitimate one), sham marriage (one in which the couple aren’t in a real relationship), or sham version (a fake or knockoff version).
How do you use sham in a sentence?
We use sham in a number of different ways, but they all involve some kind of falseness or fakeness. It’s usually always used negatively. Here are some examples of sham in a sentence:
  • The “charity” event was a sham—it was just an excuse for a tax write-off.
  • I knew something about him seemed fake, but I didn’t expect him to turn out to be a complete sham. 
  • The dictator is known for holding sham elections to give the appearance of legitimacy.

Example Sentences

Examples are provided to illustrate real-world usage of words in context. Any opinions expressed do not reflect the views of Dictionary.com.

See Examples For:

A state judge pressed lawyers for New York City landlords on their claim that the city’s rent board used a sham process to freeze rents.

From The Wall Street Journal Sep. 2, 2026

The second group used the real and sham purifiers in reverse order.

From Science Daily Aug. 30, 2026

Eleven people were arrested on Wednesday for allegedly organizing hundreds of sham marriages for foreigners seeking US residency, mostly Chinese nationals, officials said.

From Barron's Aug. 12, 2026

Even harder is getting money back from sham matchmaking agencies which often shut up shop as soon as they have made enough cash.

From BBC Aug. 10, 2026

She felt under her hand the black-stained varnished pine of the banisters, vaguely neo-Gothic, immovably solid and sham.

From "Atonement" by Ian McEwan

In Minnesota, some Medicaid autism treatment centers, transportation providers and housing purveyors were shams.

From The Wall Street Journal Apr. 29, 2026

Falsified images and propaganda have been misleading people to worse ends for many years, but these recent shams are evidence of a culture-wide abandonment of a common reality.

From Salon Jan. 21, 2026

Perrigo soon replaced the BDO auditors with ones from EY, who blessed the transactions, which federal regulators now claim are shams.

From New York Times Jul. 7, 2022

Tatyana Stanovaya, founder and CEO of R.Politik, an independent think tank on Russian politics, thinks Putin doesn’t want to rush the referendums and run the risk of them being denounced as shams.

From Seattle Times Jun. 3, 2022

The history of race relations in Durham was, after all, a long line of such shams extending back for a century.

From "The Best of Enemies" by Osha Gray Davidson

I don’t feel like I got shammed or look like a fool.

From Slate Jul. 19, 2018

Then Schaffer came home and he called him in, that the boy might say that he was in bed and undressed; but when Graham entered he shammed sleep.

From Campaigning with Crook and Stories of Army Life by Charles King

At the time of the inquest he was ill, and so couldn't attend—I think the police thought he shammed illness.

From Love and hatred by Marie Belloc Lowndes

He shammed drunk next day, so that you should not suspect him.

From The Rider of Waroona by G. Firth Scott

He would have shammed illness if there had been the slightest chance of being believed.

From The Girls of St. Cyprian's A Tale of School Life by Angela Brazil

We have become so inured to all the shamming in plain sight that having it confirmed years later barely even feel like news.

From Slate Jul. 22, 2021

When a man grows insane, they treat him as shamming.

From Slate Jun. 16, 2018

We hope that, like the seemingly mad Edgar in King Lear, Daryl is just shamming – and that he will, like the Shakespearean dissembler, cast off his mask and take out the evil trash.

From The Guardian Nov. 14, 2016

If your point is that Peter is only shamming about his politics, how do you explain this willingness to be imprisoned for them?

From The Guardian Oct. 5, 2010

He was not even sure if Cluny was shamming, pretending that his injuries were severe merely as some kind of test or trap that he had set for his captains.

From "Redwall" by Brian Jacques




Vocabulary lists containing sham


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