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sham

[sham] / ʃæm /






Frequently Asked Questions

What is another word for sham?
The word sham commonly refers to something that’s not what it claims to be—some kind of fraud or fake. This sense of the word can even refer to a person, as in He’s a total fake, a sham—you should see what he’s really like.  Sham is often used even more specifically to refer to something that’s considered a scam, con, or hoax, as in This whole thing is a sham—they’re just trying to get your money.  Sometimes, sham refers to a situation that’s considered illegitimate for some reason, as in The trial was a sham—there wasn’t even a jury. Synonyms for this sense are farce and mockery. Sham can also be used as an adjective for any of these senses, as in sham trial (an illegitimate one), sham marriage (one in which the couple aren’t in a real relationship), or sham version (a fake or knockoff version).
How do you use sham in a sentence?
We use sham in a number of different ways, but they all involve some kind of falseness or fakeness. It’s usually always used negatively. Here are some examples of sham in a sentence:
  • The “charity” event was a sham—it was just an excuse for a tax write-off.
  • I knew something about him seemed fake, but I didn’t expect him to turn out to be a complete sham. 
  • The dictator is known for holding sham elections to give the appearance of legitimacy.

Example Sentences

Examples are provided to illustrate real-world usage of words in context. Any opinions expressed do not reflect the views of Dictionary.com.

See Examples For:

Lewis suggested the sale of Sawyer's company, The Clinic Club, had been a sham, adding the lack of an original copy of the sale agreement or messages with the buyer, Lilly Silverman, also suggested this.

From BBC May 20, 2026

Patients who underwent partial meniscectomy did not experience better outcomes than those who had sham surgery.

From Science Daily May 6, 2026

The FDA has demanded the company run another trial in which some patients would have to undergo sham brain surgery to serve as a control group.

From The Wall Street Journal May 3, 2026

Mexican federal prosecutors concluded that the state inquiry into the shooting was a sham.

From Los Angeles Times Apr. 26, 2026

Gatsby is alone when the book begins, and he dies alone, with his life exposed as a sham and almost no one to come to his funeral.

From "Drama High" by Michael Sokolove

In Minnesota, some Medicaid autism treatment centers, transportation providers and housing purveyors were shams.

From The Wall Street Journal Apr. 29, 2026

Tatyana Stanovaya, founder and CEO of R.Politik, an independent think tank on Russian politics, thinks Putin doesn’t want to rush the referendums and run the risk of them being denounced as shams.

From Seattle Times Jun. 3, 2022

He knows he can turn proceduralist rules into shams, and he knows most of his staff is either too constrained to do anything about it or unaware of what’s really going on.

From Slate Dec. 2, 2021

When they couldn't get answers, that's when they dug into it more, they determined they were shams and they began to short them.

From Salon Mar. 31, 2021

“I don’t believe one whit in such shams, nor should you, Nell Warne.”

From "The Detective's Assistant" by Kate Hannigan

I don’t feel like I got shammed or look like a fool.

From Slate Jul. 19, 2018

The third day he set off to quarry stones again, and took with him the third meal of food; but he laid down behind it, and shammed sleep.

From Tales from the Fjeld A Second Series of Popular Tales by Asbj?rnsen, P. Chr.

All the afternoon I sat in our little sitting-room, and faithful to my promise, shammed sickness, while Samuel lay in his box in the back yard and howled.

From The Romance of a Plain Man by Glasgow, Ellen Anderson Gholson

When she returned to the ward the chief was with her, and their combined arrival brought forth a prolonged, fortissimoed wail shammed forth in good Gaelic fashion.

From Leerie by Sawyer, Ruth

It must be really serious, or she would have shammed agitation.

From Piccadilly A Fragment of Contemporary Biography by Oliphant, Laurence

In a sense, then, because the shamming always happened openly, the revelation that it was shamatory feels underwhelming.

From Slate Jul. 22, 2021

I also saw him, of course, at exercise continually, and I saw that he was becoming insane, and was being treated as if he was shamming.

From Slate Jun. 16, 2018

We hope that, like the seemingly mad Edgar in King Lear, Daryl is just shamming – and that he will, like the Shakespearean dissembler, cast off his mask and take out the evil trash.

From The Guardian Nov. 14, 2016

If your point is that Peter is only shamming about his politics, how do you explain this willingness to be imprisoned for them?

From The Guardian Oct. 5, 2010

He was not even sure if Cluny was shamming, pretending that his injuries were severe merely as some kind of test or trap that he had set for his captains.

From "Redwall" by Brian Jacques




Vocabulary lists containing sham


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