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sham

[sham] / ʃæm /






Frequently Asked Questions

What is another word for sham?
The word sham commonly refers to something that’s not what it claims to be—some kind of fraud or fake. This sense of the word can even refer to a person, as in He’s a total fake, a sham—you should see what he’s really like.  Sham is often used even more specifically to refer to something that’s considered a scam, con, or hoax, as in This whole thing is a sham—they’re just trying to get your money.  Sometimes, sham refers to a situation that’s considered illegitimate for some reason, as in The trial was a sham—there wasn’t even a jury. Synonyms for this sense are farce and mockery. Sham can also be used as an adjective for any of these senses, as in sham trial (an illegitimate one), sham marriage (one in which the couple aren’t in a real relationship), or sham version (a fake or knockoff version).
How do you use sham in a sentence?
We use sham in a number of different ways, but they all involve some kind of falseness or fakeness. It’s usually always used negatively. Here are some examples of sham in a sentence:
  • The “charity” event was a sham—it was just an excuse for a tax write-off.
  • I knew something about him seemed fake, but I didn’t expect him to turn out to be a complete sham. 
  • The dictator is known for holding sham elections to give the appearance of legitimacy.

Example Sentences

Examples are provided to illustrate real-world usage of words in context. Any opinions expressed do not reflect the views of Dictionary.com.

See Examples For:

Fielder is the creator of the TV series “The Rehearsal” and “Nathan for You” who constructs discombobulating sham realities that include bogus businesses such as Dumb Starbucks.

From Los Angeles Times ● Oct. 14, 2026

On a pain scale from zero to 10, participants in the intervention group reported an average improvement of 2.5 points, compared with 1.3 points in the sham group.

From Science Daily ● Oct. 11, 2026

The commission, in contrast, used the word "sham" eight times when describing City's dealings, including artificially inflating revenue by more than £900m through "sham" deals.

From BBC ● Oct. 11, 2026

City continue to deny any wrongdoing and have lodged an appeal against the findings in the Premier League's report that stated the club falsely inflated commercial revenues by £830m through "sham" contracts.

From BBC ● Oct. 7, 2026

DRACO: Well, I, for one, think this meeting a sham.

From "Harry Potter and the Cursed Child" by J.K. Rowling

She has denied any allegations of wrongdoing and has called the investigations into her "complete shams".

From BBC ● Oct. 15, 2026

In Minnesota, some Medicaid autism treatment centers, transportation providers and housing purveyors were shams.

From The Wall Street Journal ● Apr. 29, 2026

Perrigo soon replaced the BDO auditors with ones from EY, who blessed the transactions, which federal regulators now claim are shams.

From New York Times ● Jul. 7, 2022

When they couldn't get answers, that's when they dug into it more, they determined they were shams and they began to short them.

From Salon ● Mar. 31, 2021

“I don’t believe one whit in such shams, nor should you, Nell Warne.”

From "The Detective's Assistant" by Kate Hannigan

I don’t feel like I got shammed or look like a fool.

From Slate ● Jul. 19, 2018

So when they got into the bridal bed at even, the lad shammed as though he had given himself up to sleep.

From Tales from the Fjeld A Second Series of Popular Tales by P. Chr. Asbj?rnsen

Some shammed mortal illness: "You see I am at my last gasp."

From History of the Commune of 1871 by P. Lissagary

At the time of the inquest he was ill, and so couldn't attend—I think the police thought he shammed illness.

From Love and hatred by Marie Belloc Lowndes

It must be really serious, or she would have shammed agitation.

From Piccadilly A Fragment of Contemporary Biography by Laurence Oliphant

I also saw him, of course, at exercise continually, and I saw that he was becoming insane, and was being treated as if he was shamming.

From Slate ● Jun. 16, 2018

When a man grows insane, they treat him as shamming.

From Slate ● Jun. 16, 2018

We hope that, like the seemingly mad Edgar in King Lear, Daryl is just shamming – and that he will, like the Shakespearean dissembler, cast off his mask and take out the evil trash.

From The Guardian ● Nov. 14, 2016

If your point is that Peter is only shamming about his politics, how do you explain this willingness to be imprisoned for them?

From The Guardian ● Oct. 5, 2010

He was not even sure if Cluny was shamming, pretending that his injuries were severe merely as some kind of test or trap that he had set for his captains.

From "Redwall" by Brian Jacques


Vocabulary lists containing sham

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