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Bark includes all tissues outside the vascular cambium. In older trees, bark is usually divided into inner bark, consisting of living phloem, and outer bark, consisting of the periderm (the phelloderm, cork cambium, and cork) and all the tissues outside it. The outer bark is mainly dead tissue that protects the tree from heat, cold, insects, and other dangers. The appearance of bark varies according to the manner in which the periderm forms, as in broken layers or smoother rings. 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be mistaken"}],"ordinal":2,"partOfSpeech":"verb"}],"pronunciationSets":[{"ordinal":1,"pronunciations":[{"ipa":{"text":"bɑːk"}}]}],"slug":"bark","source":"collins","type":"british"},{"createDate":"2010-08-27T18:45:42Z","headword":{"normalizedForm":"bark","standardForm":"bark"},"homograph":2,"id":"4c7807d67cf139b59c26730c","lang":"en","modifyDate":"2010-08-27T18:45:42Z","ngrams":{"allLetters":true,"forward":"bark","groups":["a","b","k","r"],"numLetters":4,"reverse":"krab","subwordTokens":["bark","ark","rk","k"]},"normalizedLetter":"b","ordinal":1,"origin":{"source":"collins","text":"C13: from Old Norse börkr ; related to Swedish, Danish bark , German Borke ; compare Old Norse björkr _birch","type":"etymology"},"partOfSpeechBlocks":[{"definitions":[{"id":"4c6dee7b55b74bed88aceb0d","ordinal":1,"tags":[{"tag":"Science_and_Technology:Life_Sciences_and_Allied_Applications:Botany","type":"subject-field"}],"text":"a protective layer of dead corky cells on the outside of the stems of woody plants"},{"id":"4c9df50ea01721f8fb2d173e","ordinal":2,"tags":[{"tag":"Arts:Clothing_Personal_Arts_and_Crafts:Tanning","type":"subject-field"}],"text":"any of several varieties of this substance that can be used in tanning, dyeing, or in medicine"},{"id":"4c46434b89f44e5768e618d8","ordinal":3,"tags":[{"tag":"Science_and_Technology:Medicine:Pharmacology","type":"subject-field"}],"text":"an informal name for cinchona"}],"ordinal":1,"partOfSpeech":"noun"},{"definitions":[{"id":"4cbd0e55792ded0207ae6734","ordinal":1,"tags":[{"tag":"General:General_Language:General_Language_Term","type":"subject-field"}],"text":"to scrape or rub off skin, as in an injury"},{"id":"4cafe33c14fa152d2c1dac50","ordinal":2,"tags":[{"tag":"Science_and_Technology:Life_Sciences_and_Allied_Applications:Forestry","type":"subject-field"}],"text":"to remove the bark or a circle of bark from (a tree or log)"},{"id":"4c9e9dd2337f064dd108cbed","ordinal":3,"tags":[{"tag":"General:General_Language:General_Language_Term","type":"subject-field"}],"text":"to cover or enclose with bark"},{"id":"4cfb0f1a194ee941b693bb41","ordinal":4,"tags":[{"tag":"Arts:Clothing_Personal_Arts_and_Crafts:Tanning","type":"subject-field"}],"text":"to tan (leather), principally by the tannins in barks"}],"ordinal":2,"partOfSpeech":"verb"}],"pronunciationSets":[{"ordinal":1,"pronunciations":[{"ipa":{"text":"bɑːk"}}]}],"slug":"bark","source":"collins","type":"british"},{"createDate":"2010-09-26T17:58:45Z","headword":{"normalizedForm":"bark","standardForm":"bark"},"homograph":3,"id":"4c9f89d5a79ebe70f4ecbd04","lang":"en","modifyDate":"2010-09-26T17:58:45Z","ngrams":{"allLetters":true,"forward":"bark","groups":["a","b","k","r"],"numLetters":4,"reverse":"krab","subwordTokens":["bark","ark","rk","k"]},"normalizedLetter":"b","ordinal":1,"partOfSpeechBlocks":[{"definitions":[{"id":"4c3d51007bd91f08d7ae1fcb","ordinal":1,"tags":[{"tag":"Science_and_Technology:Transport:Nautical_Terms","type":"subject-field"}],"text":"a variant spelling (esp US) of barque"}],"ordinal":1,"partOfSpeech":"noun"}],"pronunciationSets":[{"ordinal":1,"pronunciations":[{"ipa":{"text":"bɑːk"}}]}],"slug":"bark","source":"collins","type":"british"}],"type":"british"},{"entries":[{"createDate":"2015-05-29T06:29:53Z","derivedFormSets":[{"derivedForms":[{"form":"barkless","ordinal":1,"syllabicForm":"barkless"}],"partOfSpeech":"adjective"}],"guideWord":"dog's cry; cry out","headword":{"normalizedForm":"bark","standardForm":"bark","syllabicForm":"bark"},"homograph":1,"homographOrdinal":1,"id":"556807610000000028004804","lang":"en","modifyDate":"2015-05-29T06:29:53Z","ngrams":{"allLetters":true,"forward":"bark","groups":["a","b","k","r"],"numLetters":4,"reverse":"krab","subwordTokens":["bark","ark","rk","k"]},"normalizedLetter":"b","notes":[{"definitions":[{"examples":[{"sentence":"If he expects me to get him a job, he's barking up the wrong tree."}],"id":"55680761000000002800483e","label":"bark up the wrong tree,","ordinal":1,"source":"random-house","text":"to assail or pursue the wrong person or object; misdirect one's efforts."},{"examples":[{"sentence":"Telling her that she's misinformed is just barking at the moon."}],"id":"556807610000000028004838","label":"bark at the moon,","ordinal":2,"source":"random-house","text":"to protest in vain."}],"source":"dcom","type":"idiom"}],"ordinal":1,"origin":{"id":"556807610000000028004845","source":"dcom","text":"First recorded before 900; Middle English berken, beorken, borken, barke, Old English beorcan; akin to Old English borcian “to bark,” Old Norse berkja “to bluster, boast,” Lithuanian burgė́ti “to growl, quarrel,” Serbo-Croatian br̀gljati “to murmur”","type":"origin"},"partOfSpeechBlocks":[{"definitions":[{"id":"556807610000000028004811","ordinal":1,"source":"random-house","text":"the abrupt, harsh, explosive cry of a dog."},{"id":"556807610000000028004813","ordinal":2,"source":"random-house","text":"a similar sound made by another animal, as a fox."},{"examples":[{"sentence":"the bark of a revolver."}],"id":"556807610000000028004815","ordinal":3,"source":"random-house","text":"a short, explosive sound, as of firearms."},{"examples":[{"sentence":"The foreman's bark sent the idlers back to their machines."}],"id":"556807610000000028004818","ordinal":4,"source":"random-house","text":"a brusque order, reply, etc.."},{"id":"55680761000000002800481b","ordinal":5,"source":"random-house","text":"a cough."}],"id":"55680761000000002800480e","ordinal":1,"partOfSpeech":"noun"},{"definitions":[{"id":"556807610000000028004820","ordinal":1,"source":"random-house","text":"(of a dog or other animal) to utter an abrupt, explosive cry or a series of such cries."},{"examples":[{"sentence":"The big guns barked."}],"id":"556807610000000028004822","ordinal":2,"source":"random-house","text":"to make a similar sound."},{"examples":[{"sentence":"a man who barks at his children."}],"id":"556807610000000028004825","ordinal":3,"source":"random-house","text":"to speak or cry out sharply or gruffly."},{"id":"556807610000000028004828","label":"Informal.","ordinal":4,"source":"random-house","tags":[{"tag":"Informal Terms","type":"category"},{"tag":"Slang and Taboo Speech","type":"category"}],"text":"to advertise a theater performance, carnival sideshow, or the like, by standing at the entrance and calling out to passersby."},{"id":"55680761000000002800482f","ordinal":5,"source":"random-house","text":"to cough."}],"id":"55680761000000002800481d","ordinal":2,"partOfSpeech":"verb-intransitive"},{"definitions":[{"examples":[{"sentence":"barking orders at her subordinates."}],"id":"556807610000000028004834","ordinal":1,"source":"random-house","synonyms":[{"entry":{"headword":"bawl","slug":"bawl"},"targetId":"5568077c000000039f00aa3c"},{"entry":{"headword":"roar","slug":"roar"},"targetId":"55680db900000001a300b396"},{"entry":{"headword":"yell","slug":"yell"},"targetId":"55680faf00000003c7002461"},{"entry":{"headword":"bellow","slug":"bellow"},"targetId":"5568077c000000039f0018ca"},{"entry":{"headword":"shout","slug":"shout"},"targetId":"55680e29000000007700968f"}],"text":"to utter in a harsh, shouting tone."}],"id":"556807610000000028004831","ordinal":3,"partOfSpeech":"verb-transitive"}],"pronunciationSets":[{"id":"556807610000000028004809","lang":"en","ordinal":1,"pronunciations":[{"audio":{"flac":"B01/B0104500/B0104500.flac","mpeg":"B01/B0104500/B0104500.mp3","ogg":"B01/B0104500/B0104500.ogg","wav":"B01/B0104500/B0104500.wav"},"id":"55680761000000002800480a","ipa":{"text":"bɑrk"},"phonetic":{"html":"bahrk","text":"bahrk"}}],"region":"us"}],"slug":"bark","source":"dcom","type":"dcom"},{"createDate":"2015-05-29T06:29:53Z","derivedFormSets":[{"derivedForms":[{"form":"barkless","ordinal":1,"syllabicForm":"barkless"}],"partOfSpeech":"adjective"}],"guideWord":"outer covering of tree","headword":{"normalizedForm":"bark","standardForm":"bark","syllabicForm":"bark"},"homograph":2,"homographOrdinal":1,"id":"55680761000000002800485a","lang":"en","modifyDate":"2015-05-29T06:29:53Z","ngrams":{"allLetters":true,"forward":"bark","groups":["a","b","k","r"],"numLetters":4,"reverse":"krab","subwordTokens":["bark","ark","rk","k"]},"normalizedLetter":"b","ordinal":1,"origin":{"id":"556807610000000028004884","source":"dcom","text":"First recorded in 1250–1300; Middle English, from Old Norse bǫrkr (genitive barkar )","type":"origin"},"partOfSpeechBlocks":[{"definitions":[{"id":"556807610000000028004867","ordinal":1,"source":"random-house","text":"the external covering of the woody stems, branches, and roots of plants, as distinct and separable from the wood itself."},{"id":"556807610000000028004869","label":"Tanning.","ordinal":2,"source":"random-house","tags":[{"tag":"Clothing","type":"category"}],"text":"a mixture of oak and hemlock barks."},{"id":"55680761000000002800486f","ordinal":3,"source":"random-house","text":"candy, usually of chocolate with large pieces of nuts, made in flat sheets."}],"id":"556807610000000028004864","ordinal":1,"partOfSpeech":"noun"},{"definitions":[{"examples":[{"sentence":"to bark one's shins."}],"id":"556807610000000028004876","ordinal":1,"source":"random-house","text":"to rub off or scrape the skin of, as by bumping into something."},{"crossReferences":[{"targetDefinition":{"id":"55680a37000000038d001c6f","ordinal":4,"text":"to cut away the bark and cambium in a ring around (a tree, branch, etc.)."},"targetEntry":{"headword":"girdle","id":"55680a37000000038d001c38","slug":"girdle"}}],"id":"556807610000000028004879","ordinal":2,"source":"random-house","text":"to remove a circle of bark from; girdle."},{"id":"55680761000000002800487b","ordinal":3,"source":"random-house","text":"to cover, enclose, or encrust with or as if with bark."},{"crossReferences":[{"targetDefinition":{"id":"55680ecf00000002d900843f","ordinal":1,"text":"to convert (a hide) into leather, especially by soaking or steeping in a bath prepared from tanbark or synthetically."},"targetEntry":{"headword":"tan","id":"55680ecf00000002d900842f","slug":"tan"}}],"id":"55680761000000002800487d","ordinal":4,"source":"random-house","tags":[{"tag":"Clothing","type":"category"}],"text":"to treat with a bark infusion; tan."},{"crossReferences":[{"targetDefinition":{"id":"55680ce4000000023d0081af","ordinal":1,"text":"to strip (something) of its skin, rind, bark, etc.."},"targetEntry":{"headword":"peel","id":"55680ce4000000023d0081a2","slug":"peel"}}],"id":"556807610000000028004881","ordinal":5,"source":"random-house","text":"to strip the bark from; peel."}],"id":"556807610000000028004873","ordinal":2,"partOfSpeech":"verb-transitive"}],"pronunciationSets":[{"id":"55680761000000002800485f","lang":"en","ordinal":1,"pronunciations":[{"audio":{"flac":"B01/B0104600/B0104600.flac","mpeg":"B01/B0104600/B0104600.mp3","ogg":"B01/B0104600/B0104600.ogg","wav":"B01/B0104600/B0104600.wav"},"id":"556807610000000028004860","ipa":{"text":"bɑrk"},"phonetic":{"html":"bahrk","text":"bahrk"}}],"region":"us"}],"slug":"bark","source":"dcom","type":"dcom"},{"createDate":"2015-05-29T06:29:53Z","guideWord":"sailing ship","headword":{"normalizedForm":"bark","standardForm":"bark","syllabicForm":"bark"},"homograph":3,"homographOrdinal":1,"id":"55680761000000002800488e","lang":"en","modifyDate":"2015-05-29T06:29:53Z","ngrams":{"allLetters":true,"forward":"bark","groups":["a","b","k","r"],"numLetters":4,"reverse":"krab","subwordTokens":["bark","ark","rk","k"]},"normalizedLetter":"b","ordinal":1,"origin":{"id":"5568076100000000280048ad","source":"dcom","text":"First recorded in 1425–75; late Middle English barke, from Old French barque, ultimately from Late Latin barca “small boat, barge, bark”; akin to Latin bāris, from Greek bâris “Egyptian flat-bottomed boat, raft, barge,” from Coptic barī “boat, barge”","type":"origin"},"partOfSpeechBlocks":[{"definitions":[{"id":"55680761000000002800489d","label":"Nautical.","ordinal":1,"source":"random-house","tags":[{"tag":"Nautical","type":"category"},{"tag":"Naval","type":"category"}],"text":"a sailing vessel having three or more masts, square-rigged on all but the aftermost mast, which is fore-and-aft-rigged."},{"id":"5568076100000000280048a4","label":"Literary.","ordinal":2,"source":"random-house","tags":[{"tag":"Slang and Taboo Speech","type":"category"},{"tag":"Naval","type":"category"},{"tag":"Literature","type":"category"}],"text":"a boat or sailing vessel."}],"id":"55680761000000002800489a","ordinal":1,"partOfSpeech":"noun"}],"pronunciationSets":[{"id":"556807610000000028004895","lang":"en","ordinal":1,"pronunciations":[{"audio":{"flac":"B01/B0104700/B0104700.flac","mpeg":"B01/B0104700/B0104700.mp3","ogg":"B01/B0104700/B0104700.ogg","wav":"B01/B0104700/B0104700.wav"},"id":"556807610000000028004896","ipa":{"text":"bɑrk"},"phonetic":{"html":"bahrk","text":"bahrk"}}],"region":"us"}],"slug":"bark","source":"dcom","type":"dcom","variants":[{"commonality":1,"form":"barque","id":"556807610000000028004893","label":"Or","syllabicForm":"barque","type":"spelling"}]}],"type":"dcom"}],"meta":{"arg":"bark","requestId":"fcfmCT_CMFIyLGRn44lyM","requestStatus":"fulfilled"}},{"type":"fetchSpellSuggestions/fulfilled","payload":{"data":{"lunaWithSlug":[{"displayForm":"bark","slug":"bark"},{"displayForm":"barky","slug":"barky"},{"displayForm":"Mark","slug":"mark"},{"displayForm":"Park","slug":"park"},{"displayForm":"Sark","slug":"sark"},{"displayForm":"ark","slug":"ark"},{"displayForm":"back","slug":"back"},{"displayForm":"balk","slug":"balk"},{"displayForm":"bank","slug":"bank"},{"displayForm":"bar","slug":"bar"},{"displayForm":"bar.","slug":"bar"}],"tunaWithSlug":[{"displayForm":"bark","slug":"bark"},{"displayForm":"ark","slug":"ark"},{"displayForm":"back","slug":"back"},{"displayForm":"balk","slug":"balk"},{"displayForm":"bank","slug":"bank"},{"displayForm":"bar","slug":"bar"},{"displayForm":"barb","slug":"barb"},{"displayForm":"bard","slug":"bard"},{"displayForm":"bare","slug":"bare"},{"displayForm":"barf","slug":"barf"},{"displayForm":"barm","slug":"barm"}]}},"meta":{"arg":{"word":"bark"},"requestId":"RGCUTDeffy-WGo28OrK52","requestStatus":"fulfilled"}}]},"actionData":null,"errors":null}

bark

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