Thesaurus / un-happiest
FEEDBACK- as inlow
- as inmalcontent
- as inmelancholy
- as inregrettable
- as inbad
- as inrotten
- as insad
- as insaturnine
- as insorrowful
- as insorry
- as insour
- as intragic
- as inunfortunate
- as inunhappy
- as inunhappy
- as inunlucky
- as inunpleasant
- as inuntoward
- as inwoebegone
- as inwoeful
- as inwretched
- as inwrong
- as indisappointing
- as inblue
- as inill-fated
- as inlanguishing
- as inheavyhearted
- as inunsatisfied
- as indysphoric
- as inchill
- as inill-chosen
- as ininfelicitous
- as inmelancholic
- as intenebrific
- as intristful
- as indamned
- as inafraid
- as indepressed
- as inaggrieved
- as indisagreeable
- as indisappointed
- as indisgusted
- as indismal
- as indownbeat
- as inforlorn
- as ingauche
- as ingloomy
- as ingraceless
- as ingrief-stricken
- as inhapless
- as inheartsick
- as inhurt
- as inill-fated/ill-starred
synonyms for un-happiest
synonyms for un-happiest
- gloomy
- grim
- mournful
- pensive
- somber
- sorrowful
- trite
- wistful
- blue
- down
- downbeat
- downcast
- low
- moody
- dejected
- despondent
- destroyed
- disconsolate
- dismal
- dispirited
- doleful
- dolorous
- down and out
- downhearted
- down in the dumps
- down in the mouth
- dragged
- droopy
- funereal
- glum
- heavy-hearted
- in blue funk
- joyless
- lachrymose
- low-spirited
- lugubrious
- mirthless
- miserable
- moony
- saddened
- saddening
- sorry
- torn-up
- unhappy
- wet blanket
- woebegone
- woeful
- calamitous
- deplorable
- dire
- disappointing
- distressing
- dreadful
- grievous
- heartbreaking
- lamentable
- sad
- shameful
- afflictive
- ill-advised
- pitiable
- pitiful
- unfavorable
- unhappy
- woeful
- grim
- unfavorable
- unfortunate
- unpleasant
- melancholy
- adverse
- disagreeable
- discouraged
- discouraging
- displeasing
- distressed
- gloomy
- troubled
- troubling
- unhappy
- amiss
- crummy
- dirty
- diseased
- lousy
- nasty
- sour
- unlucky
- unpleasant
- base
- below par
- bruised
- bum
- contemptible
- defective
- deplorable
- disagreeable
- disappointing
- displeasing
- dissatisfactory
- filthy
- impaired
- inadequate
- injured
- low-grade
- mean
- poor
- punk
- regrettable
- rough
- scurrilous
- shaky
- sorry
- substandard
- unacceptable
- unfortunate
- unhappy
- unsatisfactory
- unsound
- vile
- wasted
- wicked
- withering
- wrong
- bad
- dark
- depressing
- dismal
- miserable
- moving
- pathetic
- pitiful
- poignant
- regrettable
- serious
- sorry
- tragic
- calamitous
- dejecting
- deplorable
- disastrous
- discomposing
- discouraging
- disheartening
- dispiriting
- dreary
- funereal
- grave
- grievous
- hapless
- heart-rending
- joyless
- lachrymose
- lamentable
- lugubrious
- melancholic
- oppressive
- pitiable
- saddening
- shabby
- tearful
- tear-jerking
- unsatisfactory
- upsetting
- wretched
- blue
- cheerless
- dejected
- depressed
- desolate
- despondent
- dispirited
- dour
- down
- down in the dumps
- forlorn
- glum
- grave
- hopeless
- in low spirits
- in the dumps
- low
- melancholy
- miserable
- moping
- morose
- sad
- solemn
- sorrowful
- sulky
- sullen
- unhappy
- woebegone
- woeful
- affecting
- distressing
- heartrending
- heart-wrenching
- lugubrious
- melancholy
- mournful
- painful
- plaintive
- sad
- sorry
- afflicted
- dejected
- depressed
- disconsolate
- doleful
- dolent
- full of sorrow
- grievous
- heartbroken
- heavy-hearted
- hurting
- in mourning
- in pain
- in sorrow
- lamentable
- miserable
- piteous
- rueful
- ruthful
- sick at heart
- singing the blues
- tearful
- tear-jerking
- unhappy
- woebegone
- woeful
- wretched
- pitiful
- sad
- sorrowful
- unhappy
- disconsolate
- distressed
- grieved
- heartbroken
- heavy-hearted
- melancholy
- mournful
- rueful
- saddened
- acid
- acrid
- acrimonious
- bitter
- grouchy
- rotten
- unpleasant
- discontented
- displeasing
- embittered
- grudging
- jaundiced
- tart
- churlish
- crabby
- cynical
- disagreeable
- ill-natured
- ill-tempered
- irritable
- on edge
- peevish
- ungenerous
- unhappy
- waspish
- appalling
- awful
- calamitous
- cataclysmic
- deadly
- deplorable
- destructive
- dire
- disastrous
- dreadful
- fatal
- fateful
- grievous
- grim
- harrowing
- heartbreaking
- miserable
- painful
- pathetic
- pitiful
- sad
- shocking
- terrible
- unfortunate
- adverse
- anguished
- crushing
- deathly
- desolate
- doleful
- forlorn
- hapless
- heart-rending
- ill-fated
- ill-starred
- lamentable
- mournful
- pitiable
- ruinous
- sorrowful
- unhappy
- woeful
- wretched
- adverse
- damaging
- deplorable
- disastrous
- inappropriate
- inauspicious
- lamentable
- regrettable
- untoward
- desperate
- doomed
- poor
- afflicted
- broken
- burdened
- calamitous
- cursed
- destitute
- forsaken
- hapless
- hopeless
- ill-fated
- ill-starred
- in a bad way
- infelicitous
- inopportune
- jinxed
- luckless
- out of luck
- pained
- ruined
- ruinous
- shattered
- star-crossed
- stricken
- troubled
- unbecoming
- unfavorable
- unhappy
- unlucky
- unpropitious
- unprosperous
- unsuccessful
- unsuitable
- wretched
- depressed
- despondent
- miserable
- not happy
- sorry
- troubled
- bleak
- blue
- bummed out
- cheerless
- crestfallen
- chapfallen
- dejected
- destroyed
- disconsolate
- discouraged
- dismal
- dispirited
- distressed
- doleful
- down
- down and out
- downbeat
- downcast
- downhearted
- down in the mouth
- dragged
- dreary
- forlorn
- gloomy
- grim
- heavy-hearted
- hurting
- in a blue funk
- in pain
- in the dumps
- let-down
- long-faced
- low
- melancholy
- mirthless
- mournful
- saddened
- sorrowful
- teary
- calamitous
- unfortunate
- afflicted
- cursed
- hapless
- ill-fated
- ill-starred
- luckless
- misfortunate
- untoward
- unsuccessful
- wretched
- hapless
- miserable
- tragic
- unhappy
- luckless
- afflicted
- bad break
- behind the eight ball
- black
- calamitous
- cataclysmic
- catastrophic
- cursed
- dire
- disastrous
- down on luck
- hard luck
- ill-fated
- ill-starred
- inauspicious
- ominous
- out of luck
- star-crossed
- tough luck
- unfavorable
- unsuccessful
- untimely
- untoward
- disagreeable
- distasteful
- nasty
- obnoxious
- sour
- troublesome
- undesirable
- unpalatable
- abhorrent
- bad news
- bad scene
- displeasing
- fierce
- grody
- gross
- hard-time
- icky
- irksome
- lousy
- objectionable
- poisonous
- repulsive
- rotten
- unacceptable
- unattractive
- uncool
- unhappy
- unlikable
- unlovely
- yucky
- adverse
- disturbing
- perverse
- unfortunate
- unmanageable
- annoying
- awkward
- contrary
- disastrous
- fractious
- hapless
- ill-starred
- inauspicious
- inconvenient
- indocile
- inimical
- inopportune
- intractable
- irritating
- luckless
- misfortunate
- recalcitrant
- refractory
- star-crossed
- undisciplined
- unfavorable
- ungovernable
- unhappy
- unlucky
- unpliable
- unpropitious
- unruly
- untimely
- unyielding
- vexatious
- wild
- black
- bleak
- blue
- bummed out
- chapfallen
- cheerless
- crestfallen
- dejected
- despondent
- disconsolate
- dismal
- dispirited
- doleful
- down
- downcast
- downhearted
- down-in-the-mouth
- dreary
- forlorn
- gloomy
- grief-stricken
- grim
- hangdog
- hurting
- in pain
- long-faced
- low
- lugubrious
- melancholy
- miserable
- mournful
- sad
- shot down
- sorrowful
- unhappy
- woeful
- wretched
- appalling
- awful
- calamitous
- deplorable
- disappointing
- disastrous
- dreadful
- feeble
- grim
- lamentable
- lousy
- miserable
- paltry
- pathetic
- pitiful
- shocking
- sorry
- wretched
- afflicted
- agonized
- anguished
- bad
- catastrophic
- cruel
- disconsolate
- disgraceful
- distressing
- doleful
- gloomy
- grieving
- grievous
- heartbreaking
- heartrending
- heartsick
- hopeless
- inadequate
- mean
- mournful
- piteous
- pitiable
- plaintive
- poor
- racked
- rotten
- sorrowful
- tortured
- tragic
- unfortunate
- unhappy
- abject
- deplorable
- depressed
- despicable
- forlorn
- gloomy
- hopeless
- miserable
- pathetic
- pitiful
- tragic
- woeful
- afflicted
- base
- bummed
- calamitous
- cheap
- contemptible
- dejected
- disconsolate
- distressed
- dolorous
- down
- down-and-out
- downcast
- faulty
- flimsy
- hapless
- hurting
- inferior
- in the pits
- low
- low-down
- mean
- melancholy
- paltry
- pitiable
- poor
- shabby
- shameful
- sordid
- sorrowful
- sorry
- spiritless
- unfortunate
- unhappy
- vile
- weak
- woebegone
- worthless
- amiss
- bad
- funny
- ill-advised
- improper
- incorrect
- unacceptable
- unhappy
- misplaced
- undesirable
- unfit
- unfitted
- unfitting
- awkward
- disproportionate
- gauche
- inapt
- incongruous
- indecorous
- infelicitous
- malapropos
- not done
- rotten
- unbecoming
- unconventional
- unsatisfactory
- unseemly
- unsuitable
- depressing
- disconcerting
- discouraging
- disheartening
- distasteful
- frustrating
- mediocre
- unpleasant
- unsatisfying
- bitter
- displeasing
- failing
- lame
- disagreeable
- falling short
- inadequate
- ineffective
- inferior
- insufficient
- unfulfilling
- unhappy
- uninteresting
- dejected
- depressed
- dispirited
- downcast
- low
- melancholy
- moody
- despondent
- disconsolate
- dismal
- downhearted
- down in the dumps
- fed up
- gloomy
- glum
- unhappy
- woebegone
- disastrous
- blighted
- catastrophic
- destroyed
- hapless
- ill-omened
- ill-starred
- inauspicious
- luckless
- misfortunate
- ruined
- star-crossed
- unfortunate
- unhappy
- unlucky
- untoward
- distressed
- unhappy
- blue
- dejected
- desolate
- dispirited
- down
- downcast
- downhearted
- dull
- gloomy
- low
- melancholic
- melancholy
- morose
- sad
- discouraging
- frigid
- icy
- wintry
- cool
- depressing
- dispiriting
- formal
- hostile
- reserved
- solitary
- withdrawn
- dismal
- distant
- emotionless
- glacial
- hateful
- indifferent
- standoffish
- stony
- uncompanionable
- unemotional
- ungenial
- unhappy
- unresponsive
- unwelcoming
- adverse
- afflicted
- awkward
- broken
- burdened
- calamitous
- cursed
- damaging
- deplorable
- desperate
- destitute
- disastrous
- doomed
- forsaken
- hapless
- hopeless
- ill-fated
- ill-starred
- in a bad way
- inappropriate
- inept
- infelicitous
- inopportune
- jinxed
- lamentable
- luckless
- out of luck
- pained
- poor
- regrettable
- ruined
- ruinous
- shattered
- star-crossed
- stricken
- troubled
- unbecoming
- unfavorable
- unhappy
- unpropitious
- unprosperous
- unsuccessful
- unsuitable
- untoward
- wretched
- adverse
- afflicted
- awkward
- broken
- burdened
- calamitous
- cursed
- damaging
- deplorable
- desperate
- destitute
- disastrous
- doomed
- forsaken
- hapless
- hopeless
- ill-chosen
- ill-fated
- ill-starred
- in a bad way
- inappropriate
- inept
- inopportune
- jinxed
- lamentable
- luckless
- out of luck
- pained
- poor
- regrettable
- ruined
- ruinous
- shattered
- star-crossed
- stricken
- troubled
- unbecoming
- unfavorable
- unhappy
- unpropitious
- unprosperous
- unsuccessful
- unsuitable
- untoward
- wretched
- gloomy
- lugubrious
- melancholy
- wistful
- at
- bad
- bleeding
- blue
- down
- downcast
- hurting
- low
- low-down
- moody
- weeping
- bummed out
- cast down
- crestfallen
- crummy
- dejected
- desolate
- despondent
- destroyed
- disconsolate
- dispirited
- down and out
- downhearted
- down in the dumps
- down in the mouth
- dragged
- dull
- dysphoric
- fed up
- glum
- grim
- heavy-hearted
- in a blue funk
- in pain
- in the dumps
- in the pits
- in the toilet
- let down
- low-spirited
- morose
- on a downer
- pessimistic
- ripped
- sad
- sob story
- spiritless
- taken down
- torn-up
- tristful
- unhappy
- woebegone
- black
- bleak
- blue
- blue funk
- broody
- chapfallen
- cheerless
- crabbed
- crestfallen
- dark
- dejected
- depressed
- desolate
- despondent
- disconsolate
- dismal
- dispirited
- dour
- downcast
- downhearted
- down in the dumps
- down in the mouth
- dragged
- dreary
- forlorn
- glum
- in low spirits
- in the dumps
- joyless
- low
- melancholy
- mirthless
- miserable
- moody
- moping
- mopish
- morose
- mournful
- oppressed
- pessimistic
- sad
- saturnine
- solemn
- somber
- sulky
- sullen
- surly
- ugly
- unhappy
- weary
- woebegone
- woeful
- bad
- blue
- bummed out
- cast down
- crestfallen
- crummy
- dejected
- desolate
- despondent
- destroyed
- disconsolate
- dispirited
- down
- down and out
- downcast
- downhearted
- down in the dumps
- down in the mouth
- dragged
- dull
- dysphoric
- fed up
- gloomy
- glum
- grim
- heavy-hearted
- hurting
- in a blue funk
- in pain
- in the dumps
- in the pits
- in the toilet
- let down
- low
- low-down
- low-spirited
- lugubrious
- melancholic
- melancholy
- moody
- morose
- on a downer
- pessimistic
- ripped
- sad
- spiritless
- taken down
- torn-up
- unhappy
- weeping
- wistful
- woebegone
- darned
- lousy
- accursed
- bad
- blasted
- blessed
- bloody
- blooming
- confounded
- cursed
- darn
- infernal
- lost
- reprobate
- revolting
- voodooed
- all-fired
- blankety-blank
- damnable
- dang
- despicable
- detestable
- doggone
- done for
- dratted
- execrable
- loathsome
- unhappy
- desolate
- despondent
- discouraged
- miserable
- morose
- not happy
- pessimistic
- sad
- unhappy
- blue
- dejected
- destroyed
- dispirited
- down
- dragged
- forlorn
- gloomy
- heavy-hearted
- hurting
- low
- ripped
- tearful
- teary
- upset
- weeping
- bummed out
- cast down
- crestfallen
- crummy
- disconsolate
- dismal
- down and out
- downcast
- downhearted
- down in the dumps
- down in the mouth
- glum
- grim
- in a blue funk
- in pain
- in the dumps
- in the pits
- in the toilet
- let down
- low-down
- low-spirited
- lugubrious
- melancholic
- melancholy
- moody
- on a downer
- spiritless
- taken down
- torn-up
- woebegone
- disturbed
- grieving
- oppressed
- persecuted
- wronged
- afflicted
- depressed
- harmed
- hurt
- injured
- pained
- peeved
- saddened
- unhappy
- woeful
- annoying
- distasteful
- distressing
- objectionable
- obnoxious
- repulsive
- unpalatable
- unpleasant
- unsavory
- awful
- bad
- bothersome
- displeasing
- drag
- nasty
- pain
- repellent
- repugnant
- rotten
- sour
- unhappy
- uninviting
- upsetting
- woeful
- balked
- beaten
- complaining
- defeated
- depressed
- disconcerted
- discontented
- discouraged
- disenchanted
- disgruntled
- disillusioned
- dissatisfied
- distressed
- down
- foiled
- frustrated
- objecting
- thwarted
- upset
- vanquished
- worsted
- aghast
- chapfallen
- crestfallen
- despondent
- downcast
- downhearted
- down in the dumps
- hopeless
- shot down
- taken down
- unhappy
- unsatisfied
- appalled
- outraged
- queasy
- tired
- unhappy
- weary
- abhorred
- displeased
- nauseated
- repelled
- repulsed
- revolted
- satiated
- sick
- fastidious
- fed up
- full up
- grossed out
- had bellyful
- had enough
- had it
- nauseous
- overwrought
- sick and tired of
- sick of
- squeamish
- turned off
- up to here
- depressing
- dim
- discouraging
- disheartening
- dull
- ghastly
- horrible
- horrid
- miserable
- murky
- sad
- afflictive
- black
- boring
- cheerless
- cloudy
- dark
- depressed
- desolate
- despondent
- dingy
- disagreeable
- dispiriting
- doleful
- dolorous
- forlorn
- frowning
- funereal
- gruesome
- hopeless
- inauspicious
- in the pits
- joyless
- lonesome
- lowering
- lugubrious
- melancholy
- monotonous
- morbid
- oppressive
- overcast
- shadowy
- somber
- sorrowful
- tedious
- tenebrous
- troublesome
- unfortunate
- unhappy
- depressed
- deserted
- desolate
- desperate
- despondent
- destitute
- helpless
- lonely
- miserable
- oppressed
- pathetic
- pitiful
- abandoned
- alone
- bereft
- blue
- cheerless
- comfortless
- cynical
- defenseless
- despairing
- destroyed
- disconsolate
- down and out
- dragging
- forgotten
- forsaken
- friendless
- fruitless
- futile
- godforsaken
- homeless
- in the dumps
- lonesome
- lost
- pessimistic
- pitiable
- solitary
- tragic
- unhappy
- vain
- weighed down
- woebegone
- wretched
- awkward
- bumbling
- clumsy
- crude
- graceless
- green
- halting
- ham-handed
- heavy-handed
- ignorant
- ill-bred
- ill-mannered
- inelegant
- inept
- insensitive
- lacking
- maladroit
- oafish
- uncouth
- uncultured
- unhappy
- unpolished
- wooden
- depressed
- dismal
- dour
- forlorn
- glum
- melancholy
- miserable
- pessimistic
- sad
- solemn
- sullen
- ugly
- blue funk
- broody
- chapfallen
- cheerless
- crabbed
- crestfallen
- dejected
- desolate
- despondent
- disconsolate
- dispirited
- downcast
- downhearted
- down in the dumps
- down in the mouth
- dragged
- in low spirits
- in the dumps
- joyless
- low
- mirthless
- moody
- moping
- mopish
- morose
- mournful
- oppressed
- saturnine
- sulky
- surly
- unhappy
- weary
- woebegone
- woeful
- awkward
- barbarian
- barbaric
- barbarous
- boorish
- clunky
- coarse
- corrupt
- crude
- forced
- gauche
- gawky
- ill-mannered
- improper
- indecorous
- inelegant
- inept
- infelicitous
- klutzy
- loutish
- oafish
- outlandish
- rough
- rude
- shameless
- tasteless
- two left feet
- uncouth
- uncultured
- unfortunate
- ungainly
- unhappy
- unmannered
- anguished
- distressed
- heartbroken
- cheerless
- dejected
- depressed
- despairing
- devastated
- down
- heartsick
- heavy-hearted
- hurting
- inconsolable
- melancholy
- miserable
- morose
- overcome
- troubled
- unhappy
- woebegone
- unlucky
- woeful
- cursed
- hexed
- ill-fated
- ill-starred
- infelicitous
- jinxed
- jonah
- loser
- luckless
- miserable
- poor fish
- sad sack
- snakebit
- star-crossed
- unhappy
- untoward
- voodooed
- wretched
- all torn up
- blue
- bummed out
- dejected
- depressed
- despairing
- disappointed
- disconsolate
- disheartened
- down
- forlorn
- grieving
- heavy-hearted
- inconsolable
- low
- melancholy
- mournful
- sad
- unhappy
- woebegone
- aching
- aggrieved
- agonized
- battered
- bleeding
- bruised
- buffeted
- burned
- contused
- crushed
- cut
- damaged
- disfigured
- distressed
- disturbed
- grazed
- harmed
- hit
- impaired
- lacerated
- marred
- mauled
- miffed
- mutilated
- nicked
- offended
- pained
- piqued
- scarred
- scraped
- scratched
- shook
- shot
- sore
- struck
- suffering
- tender
- tortured
- warped
- wounded
- all torn up
- busted up
- indignant
- in pain
- put away
- resentful
- rueful
- sad
- stricken
- umbrageous
- unhappy
- blighted
- catastrophic
- destroyed
- disastrous
- hapless
- ill-omened
- inauspicious
- luckless
- misfortunate
- ruined
- star-crossed
- unfortunate
- unhappy
- unlucky
- untoward
On this page you'll find 2012 synonyms, antonyms, and words related to un-happiest, such as: bad, down, blue, dejected, disheartened, and downcast.
antonyms for un-happiest
MOST RELEVANT
- cheerful
- comforting
- fortunate
- good
- happy
- joyous
- lucky
- pleasant
- pleasing
- satisfactory
- wonderful
- blessed
- right
- agreeable
- clean
- friendly
- good
- great
- happy
- magnificent
- moral
- pleasant
- pleasing
- wonderful
- decent
- fresh
- honest
- kind
- new
- nice
- superior
- trustworthy
- uncorrupt
- undecayed
- advantageous
- blessed
- bright
- cheerful
- encouraging
- fortunate
- glad
- good
- happy
- hopeful
- joyful
- light
- lucky
- pleasant
- right
- worthwhile
- great
- agreeable
- content
- good
- good-natured
- kind
- nice
- pleasant
- sweet
- wonderful
- cheerful
- cordial
- friendly
- happy
- blessed
- calming
- cheerful
- comforting
- delightful
- encouraging
- excellent
- fortunate
- good
- great
- happy
- harmless
- healthful
- healthy
- hopeful
- joyful
- joyous
- life-giving
- lucky
- nice
- pleasant
- pleasing
- trivial
- unimportant
- wholesome
- wonderful
- worthwhile
- advantageous
- successful
- acceptable
- agreeable
- delicious
- friendly
- good
- happy
- helpful
- kind
- nice
- palatable
- pleasant
- pleasing
- tasty
- delightful
- great
- wonderful
- blessed
- cheerful
- comforting
- encouraging
- excellent
- fortunate
- good
- happy
- hopeful
- joyful
- lucky
- nice
- pleasing
- rich
- satisfactory
- wealthy
- wonderful
- worthwhile
- glad
- blessed
- bright
- cheerful
- comforted
- encouraged
- encouraging
- excellent
- good
- happy
- hopeful
- joyful
- rich
- worthwhile
- worthy
- nice
- glad
- happy
- ready
- willing
- bold
- brave
- composed
- cool
- courageous
- eager
- fearless
- heroic
- intrepid
- unafraid
- undaunted
- undismayed
- valiant
- venturesome
- cheerful
- glad
- happy
- optimistic
- encouraged
- gay
- heartened
- joyous
- blessed
- comforted
- flourishing
- satisfied
- agreeable
- appetizing
- attractive
- delicious
- delightful
- good
- nice
- palatable
- pleasant
- pleasing
- welcome
- friendly
- happy
- inoffensive
- calm
- cheerful
- comforted
- contented
- enchanted
- encouraged
- fulfilled
- happy
- heartened
- pleased
- satisfied
- unworried
- delighted
- excited
- bright
- cheerful
- clear
- encouraging
- favorable
- happy
- intelligent
- joyful
- light
- luminous
- pleasant
- smart
- glad
- hopeful
- cheerful
- elated
- happy
- hopeful
- populated
- prosperous
- rich
- satisfied
- secure
- wealthy
- worthwhile
- comforted
- joyful
- pleased
- bright
- cheerful
- comforted
- glad
- happy
- hopeful
- joyful
- light
- pleasant
- rich
- animated
- content
- encouraged
- encouraging
- exhilarating
- sparkling
- sunny
- uplifting
- vivacious
Roget's 21st Century Thesaurus, Third Edition Copyright © 2013 by the Philip Lief Group.