transition

"The widespread concern about bills is of course closely linked with public perception and the discussion about how we fairly pay for the cost of the transition," Ms Vyvas said.

Tchiroma’s election manifesto promised a transition period of three to five years to rebuild the country, which he said Biya had destroyed.

Still, it invested a lot over the years in the EV transition and that money now isn’t expected to generate adequate returns.

"But another important and growing driver is mining and extractives for gold, for coal, and increasingly for the metals and minerals required for the renewable energy transition," Matson said.

European officials said increasing financial penalties on Russia is crucial at this stage in the war, when its economy is on the brink of crisis but also transitioning to a full-scale wartime economy.