causation

But many were purely statistical relationships with no obvious causation.

"To have that amount of potholing and grit on the road surface at that time and for that to be a sole causation factor of the collision is relatively rare."

"Prosecutors need to prove intent and causation that a post directly incited terrorism."

The observational study did not prove causation, or a direct cause-and-effect relationship, but could only link associations between music and lower dementia risks, Jaffa said.

While the debate over causation plays out, it is worth considering some of the ways that doctors like Dorsey recommend to potentially reduce your risk of developing Parkinson’s disease.