molecular

Polymers, which are long chains of repeating molecular units, often do not crystallize by simply adding one chain at a time.

RNA, it turns out, survives from the earliest chapter of life—a molecular relic that once handled every task itself but now serves as the essential link translating DNA into action.

These microscopic pores allow ions and molecules to move through membranes, controlling molecular traffic within cells.

They can compress giant molecular clouds to trigger star birth or heat and disperse those clouds to halt star formation.

They are also employed in medical imaging and in quantum research for exceptionally exact measurements at the molecular scale.