mantle

Some volcanic regions lack evidence of recycled crust, while others seem too shallow and cool to be driven by deep mantle plumes.

Rock from the subducting plates turns to magma when it reaches the mantle, creating hot spots that, over millennia, melt through the crust and break through as lava, forming volcanoes.

It’s telling that Ms. Sherrill tried to claim the mantle of affordability, promising to freeze utility rates, while attacking Mr. Ciattarelli as “High Tax Jack,” based on a deceptive video clip.

Now, with Kirk slain, nothing appears to be stopping Fuentes from taking up that mantle.

This allowed them to track how shifting plate boundaries and continental margins affected the exchange of carbon between the mantle, oceans, and atmosphere.