formal

For two years, all formal face-to-face education has been on hold, with the UN warning of a "lost generation" of children.

There is no formal explanation from Taliban government officials for the restrictions.

Big Brother then confirmed it was issuing him with a formal warning, and said rules regarding language and behaviour are explained to all housemates before entering.

But reparatory justice could also take the form of a formal apology, educational programmes or public health assistance.

And the president might possess inherent power to wage war as he sees fit without a formal authorization from Congress, as officials argued during Bush’s presidency.