insurgency

A military junta seized power in Mali in 2021, forcing French troops to leave after accusing them of failing to stem the insurgency.

The east African nation saw civil war in the 1990s mutate in the 2000s into an Islamist insurgency that still threatens much of the country.

Mali's junta, which seized power in back-to-back coups in 2020 and 2021, had promised to stem the jihadist insurgency that has plagued the country for more than a decade but has achieved little success.

It is the scene of numerous conflicts, including jihadist insurgencies, which kill both Christians and Muslims, often indiscriminately.

Moscow says its forces are helping several African governments repel jihadist insurgencies.