molecule

In photochemistry, light energizes the catalyst, and the excited catalyst must encounter another molecule through diffusion in order to pass along an electron.

Ketones appear throughout organic molecules, which is why chemists are eager to create new reactions that take advantage of them when forming chemical bonds.

The protein ZAK -- a so-called kinase, that is, an enzyme which activates other molecules by transferring a phosphate group to them -- plays a central role in controlling this stress response.

Alexander Tarakhovsky added that it was striking to see immune-related molecules, long recognized for their roles in B and T lymphocytes, also influencing microglia.

Scientists have long debated whether water in these confined regions simply behaves as a passive bystander or affects how molecules interact.