integrated

Dr. Lubotzky added, "What excites us is that this works in a simple, chip-based design and at room temperature. That means it can be integrated into real-world systems much more easily than before."

"Handsworth, it's come a hell of a long way in the 40 years since the last civil disturbances there and it's actually a very integrated place," he continued.

Earlier, the PNG Defence Minister Billy Joseph had told the ABC that the deal would mean Australian and PNG forces would be "totally integrated".

"We will continue to closely monitor and review these to ensure they are effective and fully integrated, and use our learning to support and inform the next stage of the review."

But ministers are keen for migrants to prove they have integrated in the UK if they want the settlement status.