toil

He described toiling under the hot sun in fields where employers failed to provide shade for workers, as required by state law.

When the laborers who bore the heat and toil of the full day’s work are jealous, the owner of the field asks them why they resent his generosity.

In nearby Hermiston, Ore., where small armies of workers recently toiled at two data-center sites ringed by barbed-wire fences, officials are trying to annex land for additional development in a bet the boom will continue.

Most affected would be 50- to 60-year-olds without a high school or college education who have, for decades, toiled in physically grueling jobs, including coal mining, logging, and factory and construction work.

For most of the 20th century, the prevailing view of Southern plantations was one of feudal estates with accordingly primitive systems for the extraction of labor and thereby profit from bonded toil.