stenosis

Mr Bridges, 76, says keeping his two-bed bungalow near Braintree warm was a necessity as his wife has spinal stenosis and is in "a lot of pain" when it gets colder.

Snider spoke openly throughout his life about his struggles with drugs and with chronic pain related to spinal stenosis.

They were then issued with a second death certificate, which said the primary cause of his death was pneumonia and severe aortic stenosis, a blocked heart valve.

Her cause of death is listed as "hospital-acquired pneumonia and severe aortic stenosis" - the condition the hospital had been attempting to treat.

The 257 patients who completed the study all had asymptomatic extracranial high-grade internal carotid artery stenosis — in other words, their carotid arteries were blocked with plaque.