hardened

“While China’s industry is highly skilled and highly capable, its dominant position is both enabled and hardened by subsidies, price manipulation, and scale,” said Matthew Sloustcher, MP Materials’

Beijing is acting now to break a cycle that has hardened over a decade.

Admirers, including Mahmood, point out that as the policies hardened, the poll ratings of the Social Democrat party rose - and those of a populist right-wing movement, the People's Party fell.

Each count, Mr Teltumbde argues, "did not merely record caste, but reified and hardened it".

As hawkish opinion has hardened, doves have had less to say publicly, though they haven’t folded.