extrusion

From a technological standpoint, she noted that creating a fibrous structure through processes like extrusion is key to achieving a product with a more authentic, meat-like appearance and texture.

U.S. smelting has declined under high energy costs, and there has also been chronic underinvestment in rolling, extrusion and finishing, he added.

In order to mimic this structure, manufacturers use processes such as stretching, kneading, folding, layering, 3D printing and extrusion.

Mirny predicted that DNA inside cells is folded up and organized by specialized proteins forming molecular motors, in a process called “loop extrusion.”

The researchers used a technique called adaptive laboratory evolution to create a strain that is resilient to extrusion temperatures.