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They have been detected in soil, water, plants, animals, and even humans on every continent.

Most existing research comes from laboratory experiments on captive animals, while much less is known about how wild species are affected.

"Lanternsharks are bioluminescent, with light produced by photophores located on their belly and flanks, which is where their common name comes from," Dr White said.

"Porcelain crabs are known as filter feeders, feeding on plankton by using modified mouthparts with long hairs to sweep the water for small pieces of food such as plankton, rather than the typical crab method of grabbing and pinching food with their claws," Dr Hosie said.

Nearly 20 new species have now been described with the help of specimens collected on the 2022 voyage, including the Carnarvon Flapjack Octopus announced earlier in 2025.