observer

The army at the time rejected "foreign interference" - which observers say is a reference to the UAE - and any attempts that equated it with a "racist terrorist militia that relies on foreign mercenaries".

But as prediction markets become more popular, the companies running them are leaning into something that many observers say looks less utilitarian and more like straight-up gambling.

That would require investments in infrastructure, energy and industrial projects that generate employment and economic growth in Africa -- and a move away from lofty statements of support, observers say.

"We make energy policy in our capital not in yours," the Saudi delegate told them in a closed-door meeting, according to one observer.

The "tripling" goal agreed in Belem could mean $120 billion from that $300 billion is earmarked for adaptation, but close observers said clarity was still needed around that target.