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This is the story of the first fray, a word for a fight, a competition, or a noisy brawl. This fray was borrowed into English from an Anglo-French word with the various meanings “to disturb,” “to attack,” and also “to frighten.” The past participle of this same word ( affrayed, meaning “alarmed”) became, in English, afraid. While nowadays frays are things that people willingly “enter” or “join” or even “throw themselves into,” early in its history the fear aspect dominated. And so, in the 1300s, one could speak of frayes and dredes (fears and dreads) and in the 1500s, one might find a fray-boggard (fear-goblin) in the garden, a frightening specter better known to us as a scarecrow.","type":"word-story"}],"ordinal":1,"origin":{"id":"556809fe000000002f00745c","source":"dcom","text":"First recorded in 1350–1400; Middle English frai; shortening of affray","type":"origin"},"partOfSpeechBlocks":[{"definitions":[{"id":"556809fe000000002f007421","ordinal":1,"source":"random-house","synonyms":[{"entry":{"headword":"war","slug":"war"},"targetId":"55680f7700000001d7001f74"},{"entry":{"headword":"strife","slug":"strife"},"targetId":"55680e9b00000002c8009355"},{"entry":{"headword":"encounter","slug":"encounter"},"targetId":"55680983000000002400df38"},{"entry":{"headword":"clash","slug":"clash"},"targetId":"5568084a0000000287001a89"},{"entry":{"headword":"contest","slug":"contest"},"targetId":"5568088100000003c6002e8c"},{"entry":{"headword":"conflict","slug":"conflict"},"targetId":"5568088100000003c600c8f4"},{"entry":{"headword":"combat","slug":"combat"},"targetId":"556808670000000366001754"}],"text":"a fight, battle, or skirmish."},{"id":"556809fe000000002f00742b","ordinal":2,"source":"random-house","synonyms":[{"entry":{"headword":"tourney","slug":"tourney"},"targetId":"55680f0b000000005700c64c"},{"entry":{"headword":"meet","slug":"meet"},"targetId":"55680bd500000002930058ea"},{"entry":{"headword":"match","slug":"match"}},{"entry":{"headword":"tournament","slug":"tournament"},"targetId":"55680f0b000000005700c5b8"}],"text":"a competition or contest, especially in sports."},{"id":"556809fe000000002f007435","ordinal":3,"source":"random-house","synonyms":[{"entry":{"headword":"fracas","slug":"fracas"},"targetId":"556809fe000000002f0057a7"},{"entry":{"headword":"riot","slug":"riot"},"targetId":"55680db900000001a3009514"},{"entry":{"headword":"squabble","slug":"squabble"},"targetId":"55680e620000000117006690"},{"entry":{"headword":"spat","slug":"spat"},"targetId":"55680e62000000011700c07a"},{"entry":{"headword":"set-to","slug":"set-to"},"targetId":"55680e0f000000038600e843"},{"entry":{"headword":"tiff","slug":"tiff"},"targetId":"55680eed000000028200123b"},{"entry":{"headword":"dispute","slug":"dispute"},"targetId":"5568092700000000f30020e3"},{"entry":{"headword":"fight","slug":"fight"},"targetId":"556809e300000000e600c877"},{"entry":{"headword":"altercation","slug":"altercation"},"targetId":"556806ef000000009b00515f"},{"entry":{"headword":"melee","slug":"melee"},"targetId":"55680bd50000000293007170"},{"entry":{"headword":"tussle","slug":"tussle"},"targetId":"55680f260000000128001a06"}],"text":"a noisy quarrel or brawl."},{"id":"556809fe000000002f00743f","label":"Archaic.","ordinal":4,"source":"random-house","tags":[{"tag":"Slang and Taboo Speech","type":"category"}],"text":"fright."}],"id":"556809fe000000002f00741e","ordinal":1,"partOfSpeech":"noun"},{"definitions":[{"id":"556809fe000000002f00744c","label":"Archaic.","ordinal":1,"source":"random-house","tags":[{"tag":"Slang and Taboo Speech","type":"category"}],"text":"to frighten."}],"id":"556809fe000000002f007449","ordinal":2,"partOfSpeech":"verb-transitive"},{"definitions":[{"id":"556809fe000000002f007455","label":"Archaic.","ordinal":1,"source":"random-house","tags":[{"tag":"Slang and Taboo Speech","type":"category"}],"text":"to fight or brawl."}],"id":"556809fe000000002f007452","ordinal":3,"partOfSpeech":"verb-intransitive"}],"pronunciationSets":[{"id":"556809fe000000002f007419","lang":"en","ordinal":1,"pronunciations":[{"audio":{"flac":"F03/F0353300/F0353300.flac","mpeg":"F03/F0353300/F0353300.mp3","ogg":"F03/F0353300/F0353300.ogg","wav":"F03/F0353300/F0353300.wav"},"id":"556809fe000000002f00741a","ipa":{"text":"freɪ"},"phonetic":{"html":"frey","text":"frey"}}],"region":"us"}],"slug":"fray","source":"dcom","type":"dcom"},{"createDate":"2015-05-29T06:41:02Z","derivedFormSets":[{"derivedForms":[{"form":"frayed","ordinal":1,"syllabicForm":"frayed"}],"partOfSpeech":"adjective"}],"guideWord":"wear out; stress","headword":{"normalizedForm":"fray","standardForm":"fray","syllabicForm":"fray"},"homograph":2,"homographOrdinal":1,"id":"556809fe000000002f007475","lang":"en","modifyDate":"2015-05-29T06:41:02Z","ngrams":{"allLetters":true,"forward":"fray","groups":["a","f","r","y"],"numLetters":4,"reverse":"yarf","subwordTokens":["fray","ray","ay","y"]},"normalizedLetter":"f","notes":[{"source":"dcom","text":"This is the story of the second fray, a word that means to cause deterioriation or wear on something, usually material, by rubbing it. Metaphorically, this can apply to less tangible things, such as our nerves or our tempers. This fray is closely related to the word friction, as both have as a common ancestor the Latin fricāre, meaning “to rub.” It makes sense—given enough friction, things will begin to fray. But language isn’t always so neat. One early sense of fray that existed in the 1400s, but which has since fallen out of use, meant “to bruise” (as in, with our strokes we shall fray him ). In a translation of Ovid’s Metamorphoses dating from the 1500s, this very same sense in a different context is used to mean “deflower” (deprive of virginity). Can we connect the dots from rub to bruise to deflower? Therein lies the rub.","type":"word-story"}],"ordinal":2,"origin":{"id":"556809fe000000002f0074b7","source":"dcom","text":"First recorded in 1375–1425; late Middle English fraien, from Old French frayer, freiier “to rub,” from Latin fricāre; friction","type":"origin"},"partOfSpeechBlocks":[{"definitions":[{"examples":[{"sentence":"Our old washing machine frayed all of our towels."}],"id":"556809fe000000002f007482","ordinal":1,"source":"random-house","synonyms":[{"entry":{"headword":"wear out","slug":"wear"}},{"entry":{"headword":"tatter","slug":"tatter"},"targetId":"55680ecf00000002d900b98c"},{"entry":{"headword":"ravel","slug":"ravel"},"targetId":"55680d88000000017f00a4ae"}],"text":"to wear (cloth, rope, etc.) to loose, raveled threads or fibers at the edge or end; cause to ravel out."},{"id":"556809fe000000002f007486","ordinal":2,"source":"random-house","text":"to wear by rubbing (sometimes followed bythrough )."},{"crossReferences":[{"targetDefinition":{"id":"55680f4300000000b9004f65","ordinal":2,"text":"to disturb mentally or emotionally; perturb."},"targetEntry":{"headword":"upset","id":"55680f4300000000b9004f49","slug":"upset"}},{"targetDefinition":{"id":"5568092700000000f300df94","ordinal":2,"text":"to disturb the composure of; agitate; perturb."},"targetEntry":{"headword":"discompose","id":"5568092700000000f300df80","slug":"discompose"}}],"examples":[{"sentence":"All that arguing is fraying my nerves."}],"id":"556809fe000000002f007490","ordinal":3,"source":"random-house","synonyms":[{"entry":{"headword":"chafe","slug":"chafe"},"targetId":"5568083000000001cb00960d"},{"entry":{"headword":"stress","slug":"stress"},"targetId":"55680e9b00000002c8008afc"},{"entry":{"headword":"irritate","slug":"irritate"},"targetId":"55680b1f000000025000963c"}],"text":"to cause strain on (something); upset; discompose."},{"crossReferences":[{"targetDefinition":{"id":"55680db900000001a3003e06","ordinal":2,"text":"to move (something) back and forth or with a rotary motion, as against or along another surface."},"targetEntry":{"headword":"rub","id":"55680db900000001a3003df4","slug":"rub"}}],"id":"556809fe000000002f00749b","ordinal":4,"source":"random-house","text":"to rub."}],"id":"556809fe000000002f00747f","ordinal":1,"partOfSpeech":"verb-transitive"},{"definitions":[{"examples":[{"sentence":"My sweater frayed at the elbows."}],"id":"556809fe000000002f0074a0","ordinal":1,"source":"random-house","text":"to wear into loose, raveled threads or fibers, as cloth; ravel out."},{"examples":[{"sentence":"Jealousy could be a sign that your relationship is fraying."}],"id":"556809fe000000002f0074a3","ordinal":2,"source":"dcom","text":"to become strained or stressed."},{"examples":[{"sentence":"tall grass fraying against my knees."}],"id":"556809fe000000002f0074ad","ordinal":3,"source":"random-house","text":"to rub against something."}],"id":"556809fe000000002f00749d","ordinal":2,"partOfSpeech":"verb-intransitive"},{"definitions":[{"examples":[{"sentence":"frays at the toes of well-worn sneakers."}],"id":"556809fe000000002f0074b3","ordinal":1,"source":"random-house","text":"a raveled or worn part, as in cloth."}],"id":"556809fe000000002f0074b0","ordinal":3,"partOfSpeech":"noun"}],"pronunciationSets":[{"id":"556809fe000000002f00747a","lang":"en","ordinal":1,"pronunciations":[{"audio":{"flac":"F03/F0353400/F0353400.flac","mpeg":"F03/F0353400/F0353400.mp3","ogg":"F03/F0353400/F0353400.ogg","wav":"F03/F0353400/F0353400.wav"},"id":"556809fe000000002f00747b","ipa":{"text":"freɪ"},"phonetic":{"html":"frey","text":"frey"}}],"region":"us"}],"slug":"fray","source":"dcom","type":"dcom"}],"type":"dcom"},{"entries":[{"createDate":"2010-12-06T12:39:52Z","headword":{"normalizedForm":"fray","standardForm":"fray"},"homograph":1,"id":"4cfcd99817a3057d2fa6a3ca","lang":"en","modifyDate":"2010-12-06T12:39:52Z","ngrams":{"allLetters":true,"forward":"fray","groups":["a","f","r","y"],"numLetters":4,"reverse":"yarf","subwordTokens":["fray","ray","ay","y"]},"normalizedLetter":"f","ordinal":1,"origin":{"source":"collins","text":"C14: short for _affray","type":"etymology"},"partOfSpeechBlocks":[{"definitions":[{"id":"4ccc1823935396344c57a931","ordinal":1,"tags":[{"tag":"General:General_Language:General_Language_Term","type":"subject-field"}],"text":"a noisy quarrel"},{"id":"4ce69829fa093804b88293b6","ordinal":2,"tags":[{"tag":"General:General_Language:General_Language_Term","type":"subject-field"}],"text":"a fight or brawl"},{"id":"4c752d9a36e6f3629f3a96ab","ordinal":3,"tags":[{"tag":"General:General_Language:General_Language_Term","type":"subject-field"}],"text":"an archaic word for fright"}],"ordinal":1,"partOfSpeech":"noun"},{"definitions":[{"id":"4ca9e38ab8fa665261320782","ordinal":1,"tags":[{"tag":"General:General_Language:General_Language_Term","type":"subject-field"}],"text":"(tr) to frighten"}],"ordinal":2,"partOfSpeech":"verb"}],"pronunciationSets":[{"ordinal":1,"pronunciations":[{"ipa":{"text":"freɪ"}}]}],"slug":"fray","source":"collins","type":"british"},{"createDate":"2010-07-28T17:31:07Z","headword":{"normalizedForm":"fray","standardForm":"fray"},"homograph":2,"id":"4c50695bb99ca51bb3bf7a32","lang":"en","modifyDate":"2010-07-28T17:31:07Z","ngrams":{"allLetters":true,"forward":"fray","groups":["a","f","r","y"],"numLetters":4,"reverse":"yarf","subwordTokens":["fray","ray","ay","y"]},"normalizedLetter":"f","ordinal":2,"origin":{"source":"collins","text":"C14: from French frayer to rub, from Latin fricāre ; see _friction , _friable","type":"etymology"},"partOfSpeechBlocks":[{"definitions":[{"id":"4c4f3457000000024b00fe25","ordinal":1,"tags":[{"tag":"General:General_Language:General_Language_Term","type":"subject-field"}],"text":"to wear or cause to wear away into tatters or loose threads, esp at an edge or end"},{"id":"4c070cc24793239b6a8dbaab","ordinal":2,"tags":[{"tag":"General:General_Language:General_Language_Term","type":"subject-field"}],"text":"to make or become strained or irritated"},{"id":"4c8351ce46831abdad487b25","ordinal":3,"tags":[{"tag":"General:General_Language:General_Language_Term","type":"subject-field"}],"text":"to rub or chafe (another object) or (of two objects) to rub against one another"}],"ordinal":1,"partOfSpeech":"verb"},{"definitions":[{"id":"4cf1d9994c150fe8e8779e6f","ordinal":1,"tags":[{"tag":"General:General_Language:General_Language_Term","type":"subject-field"}],"text":"a frayed place, as in cloth"}],"ordinal":2,"partOfSpeech":"noun"}],"pronunciationSets":[{"ordinal":1,"pronunciations":[{"ipa":{"text":"freɪ"}}]}],"slug":"fray","source":"collins","type":"british"}],"type":"british"}],"meta":{"arg":"fray","requestId":"AVPjpARgW2aRJIrafX7US","requestStatus":"fulfilled"}},{"type":"fetchSpellSuggestions/fulfilled","payload":{"data":{"lunaWithSlug":[{"displayForm":"Frayn","slug":"frayn"},{"displayForm":"Fay","slug":"fay"},{"displayForm":"Fra","slug":"fra"},{"displayForm":"Fra","slug":"fra"},{"displayForm":"Fran","slug":"fran"},{"displayForm":"Frau","slug":"frau"},{"displayForm":"Frau","slug":"frau"},{"displayForm":"Frey","slug":"frey"},{"displayForm":"Frey","slug":"frey"},{"displayForm":"Fry","slug":"fry"}],"tunaWithSlug":[{"displayForm":"Frau","slug":"frau"},{"displayForm":"bray","slug":"bray"},{"displayForm":"dray","slug":"dray"},{"displayForm":"fray","slug":"fray"},{"displayForm":"gray","slug":"gray"},{"displayForm":"pray","slug":"pray"},{"displayForm":"ray","slug":"ray"},{"displayForm":"tray","slug":"tray"},{"displayForm":"X ray","slug":"x-ray"},{"displayForm":"array","slug":"array"}]}},"meta":{"arg":{"word":"Fray"},"requestId":"8WF5s4SW5iGrnHrwzl6ox","requestStatus":"fulfilled"}}]},"actionData":null,"errors":null}

fray

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