vicious circle

In policy terms, the result is the vicious circle that is New York: Democrats raise taxes or subsidize something people don’t want.

The business squeeze has in turn led many establishments to raise entry charges and drinks prices, setting off a vicious circle where many young people and stalwarts of the scene feel priced out.

But Prof Ramiarison feels the president does not understand the complexities of how Madagascar has become trapped in two vicious circles of poverty that feed into each other.

"One's heart has to go out to the good people at Bodycare who are losing their jobs, the suppliers missing payments, and the landlords losing rent. That is the vicious circle of business failure."

"It was a vicious circle. It was just complete turmoil... something that everyone just used to say she would grow out of or 'it's a phase' or 'she just needs to learn'," Holly added.