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In the past, these kinds of questions required real brain tissue and could only be addressed through individual experiments.

These simulations may offer early clues about how brain disorders begin before symptoms appear and provide a safe way to evaluate potential therapies.

"This shows the door is open. We can run these kinds of brain simulations effectively with enough computing power," said Anton Arkhipov, Ph.D., an investigator at the Allen Institute who worked on the project.

These nodes are organized into units, shelves, and racks, forming a system of 158,976 total nodes that can handle enormous amounts of data and calculations.

These findings will be featured at Neuroscience 2025, the Society for Neuroscience's annual meeting and the largest global event for new research in brain science and health.