subfamily

Apparently it is more closely related to the subfamily Perognathinae.

The grouse is a northern bird, extending into far colder regions than any other subfamily of the gallinaceous group.

The third genus of the subfamily (Stephanella) is only known from Japan.

Chickadees (subfamily Parinæ) have a short, stout bill, the nostrils covered with bristles; the tail is rather long and rounded.

Toes usually four, three front ones webbed; upper mandible curved and hooked; tail usually square (Gulls, subfamily Larinæ).