public law

“It’s not a grand conspiracy orchestrated by the system,” said Benjamin Morel, a professor of public law at Paris-Panthéon-Assas University.

“There is no democratic constitutional system that allows you to maintain political stability with only a third of the National Assembly behind you,” said Benjamin Morel, a professor of public law at Paris-Panthéon-Assas University.

"As the Doge offer is from and associated with Reform UK, a political party, this prohibition and the public law principles alongside it are of particular impact," the report said.

The rollout will be staggered, and transparency will first apply to public law – care cases – then to private law, where parents are separating, and lastly to magistrates' courts.

Cliff added that it was "not correct that the tribunal’s decision identifies 'certain discrete elements' of the APT rules that need to be amended in order to comply with competition and public law requirements".