probability theory

“Talagrand is an exceptionally prolific mathematician whose work has transformed probability theory, functional analysis and statistics,” the academy said in its award citation.

“Anthropologists, sociologists, historians and psychologists, as well as those working on probability theory and physics, took him to have important insights for their disciplines.”

This direction of developing probability theory for more complicated structures than numbers is an example.

In mathematics Pascal helped invent a whole new branch of the field: probability theory.

He helped lay the foundations of calculus and probability theory.