mass energy

He also says the numbers don’t seem to add up: Dark energy is known to make up 70 percent of the mass-energy of the universe, while black holes are a mere fraction of the ordinary matter, which constitutes less than 5 percent of the universe.

According to the Standard Model and previous mass measurements, the W boson should weigh about 80.357 billion electron volts, the unit of mass-energy favored by physicists.

In the late 1920s and early 1930s — two decades after Einstein’s four path-blazing papers of 1905: mass-energy equivalence, etc. — he helped to design and patent a refrigerator using less hazardous coolants than were then used in many refrigerators.

Altogether this displaces ‘ordinary’ matter - the protons, neutrons, electrons and other detectable species - into a minority bucket that contains around 5% of the total mass-energy of the universe.

To explain observations of galaxies inconsistent with general relativity, the existence of dark matter was posited as an unknown and invisible form of matter calculated to make up more than a quarter of all mass-energy content in the universe—assuming, of course, the framework is universally valid.