fourth dimension

General relativity, proven accurate by countless tests and observations, suggests that gravity impacts not simply three physical dimensions but also a fourth dimension: time.

And, because of the magic of light, the fourth dimension of time is constantly added.

Spacetime is just a mathematical object consisting of the three dimensions of space, and time considered as a fourth dimension.

As Diaz puts it, Calder worked in the fourth dimension — time.

As Middleton sees it, the research sets the foundation for using that fourth dimension in data analysis.