foreign affairs

It offered a single page of vague, threadbare justification, suggesting that the president’s authority over foreign affairs outweighs Congress’ control over spending.

In assessing the balance of interests and harms, it asserted that the president stands to lose more if the $4 billion is paid out, since disbursement would interfere with his “conduct of foreign affairs.”

By contrast, the Constitution does not assign the president some sweeping control over “foreign affairs”; that power is, at best, implicit, gleaned from the shadows of other provisions.

Second, the president had a stronger claim of injury, because “the asserted harms to the executive’s conduct of foreign affairs appears to outweigh the potential harm faced by respondents.”

Shakur, also known as Joanne Chesimard, died Thursday of unspecified health conditions and "advanced age", Cuba's foreign affairs ministry said in a statement on Friday.