common law

Under Islamic law, which operates alongside common law in Pakistan, the family of a killed relative can accept financial compensation from the perpetrators in exchange for forgiveness, leaving them free from prosecution.

The solicitors in these three cases say that the commissions amounted to bribes at common law.

"The proscription of Palestine Action is repugnant to the tradition of the common law and contrary to the European Convention on Human Rights," he said.

The argument that increasing the cost to parents who choose a private school would be an infringement of the common law "is plainly not right", he wrote in his submissions.

Trump’s extended attempts at appealing to suburban women voters by identifying himself as their “protector” echo the language of gender inequality, steeped in Anglo-American common law customs from centuries ago.