chilling

The lawsuit had a chilling effect on the real-estate industry, which has become more reliant on software and data services in recent years.

Releasing the Musk emails, he said, would have a “chilling effect on the frank and open discussion necessary for the decision-making process.”

“Beloved Renegade” is as elegiac a gathering as “Speaking in Tongues” is a chilling one.

The raid created “a massive chilling effect,” he said, including among dairy farmers.

While authorities argue that restrictions are tied to safety and facility security, civil liberties groups warn that aggressive enforcement, especially when directed at clergy, can have a chilling effect on religious and political expression.