respiration

Birds are particularly susceptible because they have a high respiration rate, and it causes them stress to keep them kenneled indoors.

The researchers hope that the findings of this work pave the way to more innovation in the methods used to monitor vital signs in captive animals, including heart rate and respiration rate.

This natural process, known as microbial respiration, is what produces the carbon dioxide and methane emissions forecasted by climate modelers.

This includes respiration: producing energy from stored carbohydrates, proteins and fats while releasing carbon dioxide and water vapor.

The scientists hypothesized that smoke and ash would "dim the lights," affecting rates of photosynthesis and respiration of the lake's plant and aquatic life -- the foundation of healthy lake ecosystems.