menstrual cycle

This is among the ways teams have been trying to ensure their players are able to perform at the highest level throughout their menstrual cycle.

The lack of research that includes female participants is partly down to menstrual cycles and fluctuating hormones, making it more "complicated to track", Ms Patel explains.

The menstrual cycle is orchestrated by the rhythmic fluctuations of two hormones – oestrogen and progesterone.

Research also suggests oestrogen peaks during menstrual cycles can reduce joint stability.

Women who tracked their menstrual cycle using smartphone apps have been warned about the privacy and safety risks of doing so.